# 艰辛 (jiānxīn)

In Mandarin Chinese, 艰辛 (jiānxīn) means “hardship; arduous; tough”. It is part of the HSK 7–9 vocabulary list in the official HSK 3.0 standard.

- Meaning: hardship; arduous; tough
- Pinyin: jiānxīn (jian1 xin1)
- Traditional: 艱辛
- HSK 3.0 · Level 7–9

## Examples

- 创业的过程非常艰辛。
  Chuàngyè de guòchéng fēicháng jiānxīn.
  The process of starting a business is very arduous.

## Characters

- 艰 (jiān): difficult; hard
- 辛 (xīn): (of taste) hot or pungent; hard

https://hanziro.com/word/jian-xin-hardship/

Dictionary data: CC-CEDICT (CC BY-SA 4.0). Audio: audio-cmn (CC BY-SA).